BHARATIYA NYAYA SANHITA, 2023 –SHORT-NOTE AND CHAPTER-WISE MCQ
BHARATIYA NYAYA SANHITA, 2023 - SHORT NOTES
1. Preliminary (Sections 1-3)
- Covers definitions, general explanations, and application of the law.
2. Punishments (Sections 4-13)
- Types: Death, Life Imprisonment, Rigorous & Simple Imprisonment, Fine, Forfeiture, Community Service.
- Enhanced punishment for repeat offenders.
3. General Exceptions (Sections 14-44)
- Includes acts done in good faith, private defense, acts of children/unsound mind, accident, consent, intoxication, etc.
4. Abetment, Criminal Conspiracy & Attempt (Sections 45-62)
- Abetment: Instigating, aiding, or conspiring a crime.
- Criminal Conspiracy: Agreement to commit an illegal act.
- Attempt: Punishable even if the crime is not completed.
5. Offences Against Women & Children (Sections 63-99)
- Rape, Sexual Harassment, Dowry Death, Cruelty, Kidnapping, Trafficking, Miscarriage.
6. Offences Against Human Body (Sections 100-146)
- Murder, Culpable Homicide, Hurt, Acid Attacks, Wrongful Restraint/Confinement, Kidnapping, Human Trafficking.
7. Offences Against the State (Sections 147-158)
- Waging War, Sedition, Unlawful Assembly, Rioting.
8. Offences Relating to Public Servants (Sections 198-225)
- Bribery, Misconduct, Obstruction, False Information.
9. False Evidence & Public Justice (Sections 227-269)
- Perjury, Fabrication of Evidence, Contempt of Court.
10. Public Tranquillity & Elections (Sections 189-177)
- Rioting, Unlawful Assembly, Electoral Fraud.
11. Offences Against Public Health & Safety (Sections 270-297)
- Nuisance, Adulteration, Rash Driving, Public Obscenity.
12. Offences Against Religion (Sections 298-302)
- Defiling Religious Places, Promoting Enmity.
13. Offences Against Property (Sections 303-350)
- Theft, Robbery, Dacoity, Cheating, Forgery, Criminal Trespass.
14. Criminal Intimidation, Defamation (Sections 351-357)
- Threats, Insult, Public Mischief, Defamation.
15. Repeal & Savings (Section 358)
- Repeals IPC but retains validity of past judgments, acts, and investigations.
BHARATIYA NYAYA SANHITA, 2023 – CHAPTER-WISE MCQ
CHAPTER I: PRELIMINARY
1. What is the short title of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023?
a) Indian Penal Code, 2023
b) Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
c) Indian Criminal Code, 2023
d) Penal Code of India
2. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 applies to which of the following?
a) Only offences committed in India
b) Offences by Indian citizens outside India
c) Offences committed on Indian-registered ships and aircraft
d) All of the above
3. A citizen of India commits murder outside India. Under which provision can he be tried in India?
a) Section 1(3)
b) Section 2(1)
c) Section 3(4)
d) Section 5
CHAPTER II: OF PUNISHMENTS
4. Which of the following is NOT a punishment under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023?
a) Community service
b) Death penalty
c) Exile
d) Forfeiture of property
5. What is the maximum period for solitary confinement under this law?
a) 7 days
b) 14 days
c) 3 months
d) 6 months
6. Which of the following is true regarding fines under the new law?
a) Fine amount is fixed
b) Fine can be unlimited but not excessive
c) Fine is always accompanied by imprisonment
d) There is no provision for fine
CHAPTER III: GENERAL EXCEPTIONS
7. A child below which age is exempted from criminal liability under this law?
a) 5 years
b) 7 years
c) 10 years
d) 12 years
8. A person of unsound mind commits an offence. Under which section can he claim exemption?
a) Section 18
b) Section 19
c) Section 22
d) Section 25
9. Right to private defence extends to which of the following?
a) Defence of body
b) Defence of property
c) Both a & b
d) None of the above
CHAPTER IV: ABETMENT, CRIMINAL CONSPIRACY & ATTEMPT
10. Abetment includes which of the following?
a) Instigation
b) Engaging in conspiracy
c) Aiding the commission of an offence
d) All of the above
11. If an attempt to commit an offence fails, the person is:
a) Not guilty
b) Guilty of abetment only
c) Liable for attempt under Section 62
d) Free from liability
CHAPTER V: OFFENCES AGAINST WOMEN & CHILDREN
12. Which of the following is a punishable offence under this chapter?
a) Rape
b) Stalking
c) Voyeurism
d) All of the above
13. Dowry death is punishable under which section?
a) Section 70
b) Section 80
c) Section 90
d) Section 100
CHAPTER VI: OFFENCES AGAINST THE HUMAN BODY
14. What is the difference between murder and culpable homicide?
a) Culpable homicide is not punishable
b) Murder requires intention, culpable homicide may not
c) Both are the same under the law
d) None of the above
15. Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by use of acid is punishable under:
a) Section 120
b) Section 124
c) Section 130
d) Section 135
CHAPTER VII: OFFENCES AGAINST THE STATE
16. Waging war against India is punishable under which section?
a) Section 145
b) Section 147
c) Section 152
d) Section 160
17. Which of the following is NOT an offence against the state?
a) Sedition
b) Waging war
c) Unlawful assembly
d) Rioting
CHAPTER VIII: OFFENCES RELATING TO THE ARMY, NAVY, AND AIR FORCE
18. Abetting mutiny is punishable under which section?
a) Section 159
b) Section 163
c) Section 168
d) Section 175
CHAPTER IX: OFFENCES RELATING TO ELECTIONS
19. Bribery during elections is covered under which section?
a) Section 170
b) Section 173
c) Section 176
d) Section 180
CHAPTER X: OFFENCES RELATING TO COIN, CURRENCY, AND GOVERNMENT STAMPS
20. Counterfeiting currency is punishable under which section?
a) Section 180
b) Section 182
c) Section 185
d) Section 190
CHAPTER XI: OFFENCES AGAINST PUBLIC TRANQUILLITY
21. Rioting requires a minimum of how many persons?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 5
d) 10
CHAPTER XII: OFFENCES BY OR RELATING TO PUBLIC SERVANTS
22. Public servants taking bribes is covered under:
a) Section 198
b) Section 205
c) Section 215
d) Section 225
CHAPTER XIII: CONTEMPTS OF THE LAWFUL AUTHORITY OF PUBLIC SERVANTS
23. Preventing service of summons is punishable under:
a) Section 206
b) Section 210
c) Section 220
d) Section 225
CHAPTER XIV: FALSE EVIDENCE AND OFFENCES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE
24. Giving false evidence is covered under:
a) Section 227
b) Section 233
c) Section 240
d) Section 248
CHAPTER XV: OFFENCES AFFECTING PUBLIC HEALTH, SAFETY, AND MORALS
25. Sale of adulterated drugs is punishable under:
a) Section 274
b) Section 278
c) Section 285
d) Section 290
BHARATIYA NYAYA SANHITA, 2023 – CHAPTER-WISE ILLUSTRATION-BASED MCQs
1. General Exceptions (Defense in Criminal Law)
1. A, a police officer, sees B commit a theft. A, believing in good faith that he has the authority to arrest without a warrant, arrests B. Is A guilty of wrongful confinement?
a) Yes, because theft is a bailable offence
b) No, because A is a police officer acting in good faith
c) Yes, because he needed a warrant
d) No, because theft is not punishable under this law
👉 Answer: (b) No, because A is a police officer acting in good faith
2. A, a 6-year-old child, finds a loaded gun and accidentally shoots at B, causing his death. Is A liable?
a) Yes, because causing death is punishable
b) No, because he is under 7 years of age
c) Yes, because knowledge of harm is not required
d) No, because A had no intention to kill
👉 Answer: (b) No, because he is under 7 years of age
3. A, a surgeon, knowing that a risky operation may lead to the patient's death, performs the operation in good faith. The patient dies. Is A guilty?
a) Yes, because A was aware of the risk
b) No, because A acted in good faith for the benefit of the patient
c) Yes, because the operation caused death
d) No, because the law does not consider medical negligence a crime
👉 Answer: (b) No, because A acted in good faith for the benefit of the patient
2. Offences Against Women & Children
4. A husband forces his wife to have sexual intercourse without her consent. Under Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, is this punishable?
a) No, because marital rape is not recognized
b) Yes, if they were living separately
c) No, if they were living together
d) Yes, because consent is necessary in all cases
👉 Answer: (b) Yes, if they were living separately
5. A kidnaps a 14-year-old girl and threatens to kill her unless she agrees to marry him. What offence has A committed?
a) Abduction
b) Kidnapping for marriage
c) Trafficking
d) No offence
👉 Answer: (b) Kidnapping for marriage
3. Offences Against Human Body
6. A, in self-defense, stabs B, who was trying to kill him. B dies. Can A be convicted for murder?
a) Yes, because he intentionally caused death
b) No, because it was an act of private defense
c) Yes, because self-defense does not apply to deadly force
d) No, because A was not at fault
👉 Answer: (b) No, because it was an act of private defense
7. A, intending to kill B, shoots at him but misses. Has A committed an offence?
a) No, because no harm was caused
b) Yes, attempt to murder
c) No, because intention alone is not punishable
d) Yes, abetment of suicide
👉 Answer: (b) Yes, attempt to murder
4. Offences Against Property
8. A picks up B’s wallet from a table at a café, thinking it belongs to him. Later, A realizes his mistake but keeps the wallet. What offence has A committed?
a) No offence
b) Theft
c) Dishonest misappropriation of property
d) Criminal breach of trust
👉 Answer: (c) Dishonest misappropriation of property
9. A and B snatch a woman's purse and run away. What is the offence committed?
a) Theft
b) Robbery
c) Extortion
d) Mischief
👉 Answer: (b) Robbery
5. Offences Against the State
10. A, a foreign national, commits cyber fraud targeting Indian citizens from outside India. Can he be prosecuted under Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023?
a) Yes, because the law applies to crimes affecting Indian computer resources
b) No, because he is not in India
c) Yes, because India has international jurisdiction
d) No, because cyber fraud is not covered under this law
👉 Answer: (a) Yes, because the law applies to crimes affecting Indian computer resources
6. Offences Relating to Public Servants
11. A, a government officer, demands a bribe for issuing a legal certificate. What offence has he committed?
a) No offence
b) Cheating
c) Bribery by a public servant
d) Criminal intimidation
👉 Answer: (c) Bribery by a public servant
7. False Evidence & Public Justice
12. A knowingly provides false testimony in court to save his friend from conviction. What offence has A committed?
a) Perjury
b) False evidence
c) Criminal conspiracy
d) No offence
👉 Answer: (b) False evidence
8. Public Tranquility & Elections
13. A distributes money to voters during elections to influence their votes. What offence has A committed?
a) Electoral bribery
b) Fraud
c) Criminal breach of trust
d) No offence
👉 Answer: (a) Electoral bribery
9. Offences Against Religion
14. A enters a temple and intentionally defiles it to hurt the religious sentiments of a community. What is the offence?
a) Public nuisance
b) Defiling place of worship
c) Mischief
d) No offence
👉 Answer: (b) Defiling place of worship
CHAPTER X: OFFENCES RELATING TO COIN, CURRENCY & GOVERNMENT STAMPS
1. A counterfeits Indian currency notes and circulates them. Under which section is A punishable?
a) Section 175
b) Section 178
c) Section 185
d) Section 190
👉 Answer: (b) Section 178
2. A person is found in possession of counterfeit banknotes, knowing them to be forged. What offence has been committed?
a) No offence unless he circulates them
b) Possession of counterfeit currency
c) Cheating
d) Fraud
👉 Answer: (b) Possession of counterfeit currency
CHAPTER XI: OFFENCES AGAINST PUBLIC TRANQUILLITY
3. An unlawful assembly consists of how many persons?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 5
d) 7
👉 Answer: (c) 5
4. A group of 15 people gathers and commits violent acts, disturbing public peace. What offence is committed?
a) Unlawful assembly
b) Rioting
c) Affray
d) Mischief
👉 Answer: (b) Rioting
CHAPTER XII: OFFENCES RELATING TO PUBLIC SERVANTS
5. A government officer refuses to perform his official duty, causing harm to a citizen. Which offence is committed?
a) Public nuisance
b) Disobedience of law by a public servant
c) Cheating
d) Criminal conspiracy
👉 Answer: (b) Disobedience of law by a public servant
CHAPTER XIII: CONTEMPT OF LAWFUL AUTHORITY OF PUBLIC SERVANTS
6. A refuses to take an oath when required by a public servant. What offence has A committed?
a) No offence
b) Disobedience to order of a public servant
c) False information
d) Contempt of court
👉 Answer: (b) Disobedience to order of a public servant
CHAPTER XIV: FALSE EVIDENCE & OFFENCES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE
7. A person fabricates false evidence in a case where the punishment is life imprisonment. What is the offence?
a) False information
b) Fabricating false evidence to convict a person
c) Contempt of court
d) Public nuisance
👉 Answer: (b) Fabricating false evidence to convict a person
CHAPTER XV: OFFENCES AFFECTING PUBLIC HEALTH, SAFETY, & MORALS
8. A person sells food adulterated with harmful substances. Under which section is he punishable?
a) Section 275
b) Section 285
c) Section 295
d) Section 300
👉 Answer: (a) Section 275
CHAPTER XVI: OFFENCES RELATING TO RELIGION
9. A deliberately outrages religious sentiments of a group by making derogatory remarks. Under which section is A liable?
a) Section 295
b) Section 298
c) Section 300
d) Section 310
👉 Answer: (b) Section 298
CHAPTER XVII: OFFENCES AGAINST PROPERTY
10. A forcibly enters another person’s house at night intending to steal. What offence has A committed?
a) Criminal trespass
b) Housebreaking
c) Mischief
d) Cheating
👉 Answer: (b) Housebreaking
CHAPTER XVIII: OFFENCES RELATING TO DOCUMENTS & PROPERTY MARKS
11. A forges a property document to claim ownership. What offence has been committed?
a) Mischief
b) Forgery
c) Fraud
d) Cheating
👉 Answer: (b) Forgery
CHAPTER XIX: CRIMINAL INTIMIDATION, INSULT & ANNOYANCE
12. A threatens B with harm unless B pays money. What offence has A committed?
a) Criminal intimidation
b) Extortion
c) Fraud
d) Mischief
👉 Answer: (a) Criminal intimidation
CHAPTER XX: REPEAL & SAVINGS
13. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 replaces which law?
a) Indian Penal Code, 1860
b) Criminal Procedure Code, 1973
c) Indian Evidence Act, 1872
d) Contract Act, 1872
👉 Answer: (a) Indian Penal Code, 1860
BHARATIYA NYAYA SANHITA, 2023
Advanced Case-Based & Explanation-Based MCQs
1. General Exceptions & Defenses in Criminal Law
Q1. A police officer, A, arrests B under the mistaken belief that he has a warrant. Later, A realizes that no such warrant exists. Is A guilty of wrongful confinement?
a) Yes, because wrongful confinement requires only restriction of movement
b) No, because A acted under a mistake of fact
c) Yes, because A should have verified the existence of a warrant
d) No, because a police officer is immune from liability
👉 Answer: (b) No, because A acted under a mistake of fact
🔹 Explanation: Section 14 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 provides an exception for acts done under a mistake of fact but not a mistake of law. Since A believed in good faith that he had the authority to arrest, he is not liable.
Q2. A child of 10 years, who has been regularly attending school, commits theft. Is he criminally liable?
a) Yes, because he is above 7 years of age
b) No, because he is below 12 years of age
c) Yes, if he has attained sufficient maturity of understanding
d) No, because a child below 12 cannot be guilty of any crime
👉 Answer: (c) Yes, if he has attained sufficient maturity of understanding
🔹 Explanation: Section 21 states that a child between 7 and 12 years can be held liable if he has sufficient maturity to understand the consequences of his act. Regular schooling may indicate maturity.
2. Offences Against Women & Children
Q3. A husband, who is living separately from his wife due to divorce proceedings, forces her to have sexual intercourse when she visits his house. What is the offence?
a) No offence, as marital rape is not recognized
b) Rape under Section 67
c) Outraging modesty under Section 74
d) Cruelty under Section 85
👉 Answer: (b) Rape under Section 67
🔹 Explanation: Section 67 of Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 criminalizes sexual intercourse by a husband upon his wife during separation. Marital rape is recognized only in cases where the husband and wife are not cohabiting.
Q4. A convinces a 16-year-old girl to leave her home and elope with him. Has A committed an offence?
a) No, because the girl consented
b) Yes, kidnapping under Section 93
c) No, because A did not use force
d) Yes, abduction under Section 138
👉 Answer: (b) Yes, kidnapping under Section 93
🔹 Explanation: Kidnapping of a minor occurs when a person takes away a minor (under 18 for girls, under 16 for boys) without guardian’s consent, even if the minor consents.
3. Offences Against Human Body
Q5. A intentionally stabs B, but due to immediate medical aid, B survives. What offence has A committed?
a) Murder
b) Attempt to murder under Section 109
c) Grievous hurt under Section 117
d) Culpable homicide under Section 105
👉 Answer: (b) Attempt to murder under Section 109
🔹 Explanation: Even though B survives, the intention to cause death is sufficient for attempt to murder under Section 109. The fact that B was saved does not absolve A.
Q6. A, while defending himself against an armed robbery, shoots the robber and kills him. Is A guilty of murder?
a) Yes, because he caused death
b) No, because he acted in self-defense under Section 38
c) Yes, because he should have used minimal force
d) No, because robbery is a serious offence
👉 Answer: (b) No, because he acted in self-defense under Section 38
🔹 Explanation: Section 38 allows the right to private defense when there is a reasonable apprehension of death or grievous hurt. Shooting in self-defense is justified if proportional force is used.
4. Offences Against the State
Q7. A foreign national publishes an online article inciting violence against the Indian government while residing in another country. Can India prosecute him?
a) No, because he is not an Indian citizen
b) Yes, because the act targets Indian sovereignty under Section 152
c) No, because the article was not published in India
d) Yes, but only if he enters India
👉 Answer: (b) Yes, because the act targets Indian sovereignty under Section 152
🔹 Explanation: Section 152 punishes acts endangering the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India, even if committed outside India by a foreigner.
5. Offences Relating to Elections
Q8. A candidate distributes free smartphones to voters before elections. What offence has he committed?
a) No offence, as gifts are allowed
b) Bribery under Section 170
c) Cheating under Section 318
d) Fraud under Section 340
👉 Answer: (b) Bribery under Section 170
🔹 Explanation: Offering material benefits to voters in exchange for votes constitutes electoral bribery.
6. Offences Against Property
Q9. A snatches B’s mobile phone and runs away. What offence has been committed?
a) Theft under Section 303
b) Robbery under Section 309
c) Extortion under Section 308
d) Cheating under Section 318
👉 Answer: (b) Robbery under Section 309
🔹 Explanation: Snatching is a form of robbery, which involves theft with immediate force or fear of harm.
7. False Evidence & Public Justice
Q10. A witness in a murder trial knowingly provides false testimony to protect the accused. What offence has he committed?
a) No offence if he is not under oath
b) Giving false evidence under Section 227
c) Obstructing justice under Section 249
d) Criminal conspiracy under Section 61
👉 Answer: (b) Giving false evidence under Section 227
🔹 Explanation: Knowingly providing false testimony under oath is punishable under Section 227, irrespective of whether it changes the case outcome.
8. Offences Against Public Morals & Health
Q11. A knowingly sells expired and harmful medicines to customers. What is the offence?
a) No offence, as customers should check expiry dates
b) Selling adulterated drugs under Section 276
c) Cheating under Section 318
d) Fraud under Section 340
👉 Answer: (b) Selling adulterated drugs under Section 276
🔹 Explanation: Selling adulterated or expired medicines that can harm the public is an offence under Section 276.
9. Criminal Intimidation, Insult & Annoyance
Q12. A threatens B that he will publish false information about him unless B pays him ₹50,000. What is the offence?
a) Defamation
b) Criminal intimidation under Section 351
c) Cheating
d) Public nuisance
👉 Answer: (b) Criminal intimidation under Section 351
🔹 Explanation: Threatening harm to a person’s reputation or safety to extort money is criminal intimidation.
1. General Exceptions & Defenses in Criminal Law
Q1. A, a farmer, sees a tiger attacking B and shoots at it. The bullet misses the tiger and kills B instead. What is A’s liability?
a) A is guilty of murder because he caused death
b) A is guilty of culpable homicide under Section 100
c) A has no liability because he acted in good faith under Section 19
d) A is guilty of attempt to murder under Section 109
👉 Answer: (c) A has no liability because he acted in good faith under Section 19
🔹 Explanation: Section 19 provides protection for acts done without criminal intent and in good faith to prevent greater harm. Since A was trying to save B, he is not liable for the unintended result.
Q2. A, a police officer, in good faith, fires at a fleeing suspect, suspecting him to be a terrorist. Later, it is revealed that the suspect was innocent. Is A guilty?
a) No, because he acted in good faith under Section 14
b) Yes, because he caused death
c) No, because he was a police officer
d) Yes, because mistaken identity is not a defense
👉 Answer: (a) No, because he acted in good faith under Section 14
🔹 Explanation: Section 14 protects acts done by a public servant in good faith, even if they result in unintended harm.
Comments
Post a Comment