Sahayata & Sahayata

  A. CHAPTERS & ORGANISATION (HIGHLY REPEATED) Mounted Police – Chapter 7 Armed Police – Chapter 6 Village Police – Chapter 9 Investigation – Chapter 10 Arrest, Bail & Custody – Chapter 13 Absconding Criminals – Chapter 19 Criminal Tribes – Chapter 20 Police Training – Chapter 24 Police Correspondence – Chapter 28 Police Registers – Chapter 37 🔴 B. IMPORTANT PARAS (DIRECT QUESTIONS) Dying declaration to be recorded immediately – Para 115 Autopsy & post-mortem procedure – Para 139 Insane person not to be kept with others – Para 161 Inspection of Malkhana by Public Prosecutor – Para 170 Gang Register – Para 253 Absconded offenders – Paras 215–222 Police under control of PP (repealed) – Para 39 Daily diary entries – Para 108 Reporting suspicious death – Para 174 Police diary maintenance – Para 109 C. MALKHANA / CASE PROPERTY (VERY HOT AREA) PP inspects Malkhana – Once every month Case property to b...

  Q1. The police force in the State is constituted under which Act? Ans. Indian Police Act, 1861 Q2. Who is the head of the police force in a district? Ans. Superintendent of Police (SP) Q3. Under the Police Act, who exercises superintendence over the police force? Ans. State Government Q4. Which authority has the power to appoint the Inspector General of Police? Ans. State Government Q5. Maintenance of public order is the duty of— Ans. Police force under the Police Act, 1861 Q6. Police officers are deemed to be— Ans. Always on duty Q7. Which provision of the Police Act deals with dismissal, suspension or reduction in rank of police officers? Ans. Section 7 of the Police Act, 1861 Q8. Who can dismiss or suspend a police officer of subordinate rank? Ans. Authority empowered by the State Government Q9. Police Regulations are issued under the authority of— Ans. State Government Q10. The superintendence of police throughout the State vest...

  📌 Case Title Bernard Lyngdoh Phawa v. State of Meghalaya Criminal Appeal No. 3738 of 2023 Decision Date: 27 January 2026 🔍 Background of the Case The case arose from a missing person complaint that later led to the discovery of a dead body buried in a graveyard. The prosecution alleged kidnapping, murder, and destruction of evidence based on: “Last seen together” theory Recovery of body and rope Alleged ransom calls Seizure of belongings of the deceased Confessional statements under Section 164 CrPC The Trial Court acquitted the accused, holding that the chain of circumstantial evidence was incomplete. However, the High Court reversed the acquittal and convicted the accused for murder (Section 302 IPC) and causing disappearance of evidence (Section 201 IPC). ⚖️ Issues Before the Supreme Court Whether the High Court was justified in reversing a well-reasoned acquittal Whether conviction could be sustained on uncorroborated confessional statements Whether the prosecution prove...

1. Purpose & Legal Basis Issued under the UGC Act, 1956 , replacing the 2012 Equity Regulations . Aligns with NEP 2020 , which treats equity and inclusion as foundational to higher education. Aims to eradicate discrimination and promote full equity across all Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in India UGC-Promotion-of-Equity-in-HEIs… 2. Scope of Application Applicable to all HEIs in India (universities, colleges, deemed universities). Covers students, faculty, staff, and management . Applies to formal, ODL, and online modes of education UGC-Promotion-of-Equity-in-HEIs… 3. Grounds of Prohibited Discrimination Discrimination is prohibited only on the basis of: Religion Race Caste (SC/ST/OBC) Gender (including third gender) Place of birth Disability Includes both direct and indirect discrimination impairing equality or human dignity UGC-Promotion-of-Equity-in-HEIs… 4. Duties of Higher Education Institutions Mandatory duty to: Eliminate discrimination Promote equity and inclu...

  The Hon'ble Delhi High Court draws a firm line between sexual assault and failed romantic relationships Introduction In a significant and thought-provoking judgment, the Delhi High Court has cautioned against the misuse of rape laws to criminalise consensual relationships that later turn sour. The Court emphasized that criminal law, especially provisions relating to rape and atrocities under the SC/ST Act, cannot be invoked merely because a relationship failed to culminate in marriage. Background of the Case The petitioner sought quashing of an FIR registered under  Section 376 IPC  (rape) and  Section 3(2)(v) of the SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 . The complainant alleged that she was sexually assaulted by the petitioner on the false promise of marriage and subjected to caste-based remarks. The FIR was lodged  nearly five months after  the alleged incident, following the breakdown of a long-standing relationship between two consenting adults....

Introduction In a progressive and people-centric judgment, the  Delhi High Court has clarified that completion of one year of separation is not mandatory for filing a divorce by mutual consent under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 . This ruling marks a significant shift in matrimonial jurisprudence, emphasizing  individual autonomy, dignity, and practical justice over rigid statutory timelines . Court:  Delhi High Court (Full Bench) Case:   x v.  y 2025 DHC: 11467 FB Decision Date:  17 December 2025 Background of the Case The issue arose due to conflicting judicial views on whether parties must mandatorily complete  one year of separation  before filing the  first motion  for divorce by mutual consent under  Section 13B(1)  of the Hindu Marriage Act. An earlier Delhi High Court judgment ( Sankalp Singh v. Prarthana Chandra ) allowed early filing but insisted that the divorce decree could only take effect after completion of one ye...