Practical, examination-oriented MCQs based on the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, complete with answers and legal reasoning.

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 ⚖️ BNS 2023 – Practical MCQs (Set 1: Q1–Q15)

Q1. A, a public servant, intentionally prepares a false case diary to protect an accused person. What offence is attracted under BNS, 2023?
(A) Fabrication of evidence
(B) Public servant framing incorrect record – Section 229
(C) Giving false information
(D) Criminal conspiracy

✅ Answer: (B) Public servant framing incorrect record – Section 229
🧠 Explanation: Under Section 229, a public servant who knowingly prepares an incorrect record to protect or harm someone is punishable. This section specifically targets abuse of official position.

Q2. X finds a wallet containing ₹50,000. He keeps it despite knowing who the owner is. Under BNS, 2023:
(A) No offence as he didn’t steal
(B) Criminal misappropriation – Section 317
(C) Theft
(D) Extortion

✅ Answer: (B) Criminal misappropriation – Section 317
🧠 Explanation: When a person dishonestly keeps property that belongs to another, even if he didn’t steal it, it amounts to criminal misappropriation.

Q3. A man publicly humiliates a woman by dragging her dupatta off during a festival. What section applies?
(A) Outraging modesty – Section 75
(B) Assault – Section 119
(C) Assault with intent to outrage modesty – Section 76
(D) Insult – Section 355

✅ Answer: (C) Assault with intent to outrage modesty – Section 76
🧠 Explanation: This falls under Section 76, which specifically addresses disrobing or attempting to disrobe a woman with intent to insult her modesty.

Q4. A threatens B in a WhatsApp message, saying he will kill him if he does not withdraw a police complaint. What offence is made out?
(A) Extortion
(B) Criminal intimidation – Section 351
(C) Abetment
(D) Harassment

✅ Answer: (B) Criminal intimidation – Section 351
🧠 Explanation: Threatening someone with harm to coerce an act (like withdrawing a complaint) is criminal intimidation, even if done electronically.

Q5. A shopkeeper sells adulterated ghee, knowing it could be harmful to health. Under BNS, which offence is committed?
(A) Cheating
(B) Adulteration of food – Section 274
(C) Causing hurt
(D) Criminal breach of trust

✅ Answer: (B) Adulteration of food – Section 274
🧠 Explanation: Selling food or drink harmful to health with knowledge attracts Section 274 – punishable with imprisonment and fine.


Q6. A forcibly enters B’s house at night with the intention to commit theft but is caught before stealing anything. What offence is committed?
(A) House-trespass only
(B) Theft
(C) House-breaking with intent to commit theft – Section 331
(D) Attempt to dacoity

✅ Answer: (C) House-breaking with intent to commit theft – Section 331
🧠 Explanation: Entering a dwelling house at night with criminal intent constitutes house-breaking by night, and if the intent is theft—even if not completed—Section 331 applies.

Q7. A woman falsely accuses her neighbour of stalking her, knowing he was not present at the time. What offence has she committed?
(A) Defamation
(B) False charge with intent to injure – Section 248
(C) Public mischief
(D) No offence unless conviction happens

✅ Answer: (B) False charge with intent to injure – Section 248
🧠 Explanation: Section 248 deals with intentionally false accusations, especially those leading to criminal prosecution. A knowingly false FIR is punishable.

Q8. A taxi driver refuses to take a passenger to a hospital and demands extra money. The delay results in death of the patient. What is the offence?
(A) Criminal negligence
(B) Culpable homicide not amounting to murder – Section 105
(C) Extortion
(D) No offence

✅ Answer: (B) Culpable homicide not amounting to murder – Section 105
🧠 Explanation: If death is the probable consequence of an intentional omission—like refusal to help in an emergency—it may attract Section 105 for culpable homicide.

Q9. A student films a female classmate secretly while she changes in the locker room and shares the video in a group chat. Which offence applies?
(A) Voyeurism – Section 77
(B) Sexual harassment – Section 75
(C) Criminal intimidation
(D) Defamation

✅ Answer: (A) Voyeurism – Section 77
🧠 Explanation: Section 77 of BNS punishes the act of watching or capturing images of a woman in a private act without consent and sharing them.

Q10. A threatens to expose a secret about B unless B transfers his land. B transfers the land under fear. What offence is committed?
(A) Cheating
(B) Criminal intimidation
(C) Extortion – Section 308
(D) Coercion under contract law

✅ Answer: (C) Extortion – Section 308
🧠 Explanation: Forcing someone to give up property using threats is extortion, defined and penalized under Section 308 of BNS.

Q11. A hits B with a stick in a fit of rage, causing a fracture in B’s forearm. Under BNS, this act is classified as:
(A) Voluntarily causing hurt – Section 115
(B) Assault
(C) Voluntarily causing grievous hurt – Section 117
(D) Use of criminal force

✅ Answer: (C) Voluntarily causing grievous hurt – Section 117
🧠 Explanation: A fracture is listed under “grievous hurt.” Section 117 applies when hurt causes serious bodily injury like fracture, dislocation, or long-term disability.

Q12. A person is caught stealing mangoes from a private orchard. The total value is ₹50. What offence applies?
(A) Theft – Section 304
(B) Mischief
(C) No offence if value is low
(D) Only civil liability

✅ Answer: (A) Theft – Section 304
🧠 Explanation: Theft applies regardless of value. Section 304 defines theft as dishonest taking of movable property. The low value may reduce punishment but does not eliminate the offence.

Q13. A delivers false testimony in court in a civil suit regarding property boundaries, knowing it to be false. What is the offence?
(A) False evidence – Section 227
(B) Cheating
(C) Contempt of court
(D) Defamation

✅ Answer: (A) False evidence – Section 227
🧠 Explanation: Section 227 penalizes intentional false evidence in judicial proceedings, whether civil or criminal. It applies even in property disputes.

Q14. A forcibly kisses a woman in public without her consent. She screams and slaps him. What is the applicable offence under BNS?
(A) Outraging modesty – Section 75
(B) Assault
(C) Sexual harassment – Section 75
(D) Criminal intimidation

✅ Answer: (C) Sexual harassment – Section 75
🧠 Explanation: Any physical contact of a sexual nature without consent amounts to sexual harassment. Section 75 covers such acts clearly.

Q15. A government officer knowingly delays issuing a ration card to a citizen without justification. What is his liability under BNS?
(A) Dereliction of duty
(B) No offence, only administrative lapse
(C) Public servant disobeying law – Section 198
(D) Cheating

✅ Answer: (C) Public servant disobeying law – Section 198
🧠 Explanation: Section 198 punishes public servants who knowingly disobey the law regarding their official duties, especially if it harms individuals.

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