Top 50 Reasoning-Based Questions based on the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 Answers + Explanations in Onliner :
✅ Q21. A sees B molesting a child and intervenes by slapping B. Later, A is charged with assault. What is A’s defence?
Answer: (B) Right of private defence of another
Explanation: Under Section 37–39 of BNS 2023, a person has the right to defend another person from bodily harm. A's act of slapping B to prevent the molestation is a lawful exercise of the right of private defence.
✅ Q22. A person attempts to bribe a police officer who refuses to accept the bribe. What is the offence?
Answer: (C) Attempt to bribe a public servant
Explanation: The attempt itself is punishable under BNS. Even if the officer does not accept, the offering of a bribe is a punishable act under provisions dealing with corruption and attempt.
✅ Q23. A person forges a will after the death of the testator to grab property. What is the correct charge?
Answer: (C) Forgery of valuable security
Explanation: A will is a valuable legal document, and forging it after death of the testator is a grave offence under forgery provisions in BNS, specifically under aggravated forgery.
✅ Q24. A is caught stealing electricity using a hook connection. What offence does this attract?
Answer: (A) Theft
Explanation: Theft of electricity is a recognized form of theft under special statutes and also interpreted as theft of energy under BNS.
✅ Q25. A, during a quarrel, calls B a thief in front of others, knowing it to be false. B loses his job. What is A’s liability?
Answer: (B) Defamation with intent to harm reputation
Explanation: Falsely imputing criminal conduct in public with the intention to harm reputation falls squarely under the offence of defamation (Section 356 BNS).
✅ Q26. A threatens to post a morphed photo of B unless B gives him ₹50,000. B refuses. Has A committed any offence?
Answer: (C) Criminal intimidation and attempt to extort
Explanation: Even though the money wasn’t received, threatening someone for money using digital manipulation amounts to criminal intimidation and attempt to extortion.
✅ Q27. A sets up a fake bank website and tricks users into entering login details. What is the correct charge?
Answer: (C) Identity theft and cheating
Explanation: This act constitutes both identity theft and cheating by personation, a serious cybercrime punishable under BNS.
✅ Q28. A agrees to kill B for ₹2 lakhs. He takes the money but never commits the act. What is A guilty of?
Answer: (A) Criminal conspiracy and cheating
Explanation: Taking money in furtherance of an illegal agreement (conspiracy) and not fulfilling it also attracts cheating, as there was dishonest inducement from the start.
✅ Q29. A, a 17-year-old, is caught stealing a phone. He argues he is a minor. What is the correct legal response?
Answer: (B) He may be tried under juvenile justice system
Explanation: According to the Juvenile Justice Act, persons under 18 are treated under a different procedure; hence, he is not exempt, but the trial is in juvenile court.
✅ Q30. A sees a fire breaking out in B’s shop but doesn’t inform anyone despite having means. Fire spreads. What is A’s liability?
Answer: (D) Guilty if legal duty to report exists
Explanation: If A had a legal duty or was in a position where he was expected to act (like a security guard, neighbor, etc.), omission to act may attract liability. General omission without legal duty is not punishable.
✅ Q31. A abducts a minor girl believing her to be over 18 years old. The girl is actually 16. What is A’s liability?
Answer: (B) Liable for kidnapping of minor
Explanation: Under BNS, mistake of fact regarding the age of a minor is not a valid defence in cases involving statutory offences like kidnapping of minors. Strict liability applies here.
✅ Q32. A throws acid on B's vehicle out of jealousy. No one is injured. What offence is made out?
Answer: (B) Mischief by damage to property
Explanation: Since no injury was caused to a person and only property was damaged, the offence falls under mischief. Acid attack provisions require bodily harm or intent thereof.
✅ Q33. A throws a stone at a public servant on duty to obstruct him from entering the premises. The stone misses. What offence applies?
Answer: (B) Assault or criminal force to deter public servant
Explanation: Under BNS, even the attempt to use force against a public servant in discharge of duty is punishable. Physical contact is not necessary to attract this section.
✅ Q34. A pretends to be a doctor and administers medicine to B, who dies. A is unqualified. What is A guilty of?
Answer: (B) Causing death by negligence
Explanation: Practising without qualification and causing death by negligent treatment falls under criminal negligence, particularly under Section 106 BNS.
✅ Q35. A provokes B by using racial slurs. B attacks A. Who is liable?
Answer: (C) A is liable for provocation and B gets benefit of exception
Explanation: B may be protected under grave and sudden provocation, while A is liable for hate speech and intentional insult to provoke breach of peace.
✅ Q36. A falsely accuses B of murder in FIR, knowing B was not even present. What is A’s offence?
Answer: (B) False evidence and malicious prosecution
Explanation: Lodging a false FIR and causing prosecution of an innocent person attract offences under BNS for false evidence and malicious prosecution (similar to old IPC Sections 211/182).
✅ Q37. A takes B’s phone without consent but intends to return it in a few hours. What is the offence?
Answer: (A) Theft
Explanation: Even temporary deprivation of property with dishonest intention constitutes theft under BNS. Return intention later does not excuse the initial dishonest taking.
✅ Q38. A, who is B’s wife, helps C kill B. What is A’s liability?
Answer: (B) Criminal conspiracy and abetment
Explanation: Spousal immunity does not apply for abetment of murder. A is a conspirator and abettor, both punishable under BNS.
✅ Q39. A lies in court under oath about a material fact. What is the offence?
Answer: (B) Perjury
Explanation: Giving false evidence in judicial proceedings knowingly is perjury under Section 227 of BNS.
✅ Q40. A gives false evidence in favour of an accused in a murder case. He is later found guilty of lying. Punishment?
Answer: (C) Up to 7 years under aggravated perjury
Explanation: False evidence affecting the outcome of a capital offence trial is aggravated perjury under BNS, and it carries enhanced punishment.
✅ Q41. A commits theft in a house and is caught by the owner. A attacks him to escape. What is the offence?
Answer: (C) Robbery
Explanation: As per Section 309(3), if theft is accompanied by violence or threat of violence during escape, it converts into robbery.
✅ Q42. A dies due to snake bite. B, the priest, claims she is possessed and delays taking her to hospital, causing death. What is B’s liability?
Answer: (B) Culpable homicide by omission
Explanation: When there is a duty to act and the omission leads to death, it may amount to culpable homicide if death is a likely result. The priest’s superstitious actions caused delay and death.
✅ Q43. A threatens B that unless B divorces her husband, A will upload intimate photos. What is the offence?
Answer: (C) Criminal intimidation and outraging modesty
Explanation: The threat to publish private content to force a woman’s personal decision qualifies as criminal intimidation and can attract offences relating to modesty and privacy.
✅ Q44. A picks up a gun to shoot B but drops it due to fear. He is arrested. What is he liable for?
Answer: (B) Preparation, not attempt
Explanation: Picking up a gun alone may fall under preparation. Without a direct act towards commission (e.g., aiming/firing), it doesn't cross into attempt territory under Section 61.
✅ Q45. A person kills another believing him to be a ghost due to intoxication. What is the nature of offence?
Answer: (C) Culpable homicide, no general exception applies
Explanation: Intoxication that is voluntary does not excuse criminal liability. Belief that the person was a ghost is not a valid defence under BNS.
✅ Q46. A snatches a purse, which causes the woman to fall and suffer serious injuries. What is A’s liability?
Answer: (B) Robbery and grievous hurt
Explanation: Purse snatching with resultant grievous injury elevates the theft to robbery (due to violence), plus separate charge for grievous hurt under BNS.
✅ Q47. A distributes pamphlets defaming B during an election. What is the offence?
Answer: (A) Defamation and promoting enmity during elections
Explanation: Targeted defamation during elections can also trigger provisions of promoting hatred or tension, especially if based on caste, religion, etc.
✅ Q48. A deliberately coughs on B, knowing he is COVID positive. B gets infected. What is A’s liability?
Answer: (C) Act endangering life and causing hurt
Explanation: Intentionally transmitting disease is a punishable act under BNS for endangering life and causing hurt/disease.
✅ Q49. A boy of 17 participates in a gang that loots a shop at gunpoint. What is his liability?
Answer: (C) He may be tried as an adult for heinous offence
Explanation: Under the Juvenile Justice Act, if a minor above 16 commits a heinous offence like robbery with arms, he may be tried as an adult upon preliminary assessment.
✅ Q50. A is a mentally ill person who kills B under a delusion that B is attacking him. What is the legal outcome?
Answer: (A) Exempted due to unsoundness of mind under Section 14
Explanation: If the accused was incapable of knowing the nature or wrongfulness of the act due to unsoundness of mind, he is protected under the general exceptions of BNS.
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