100 Important MCQs on Mohammedan Law Part-1
Sources of Muslim Law (Q1–10)
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The primary source of Muslim Law is:
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(a) Hadith
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(b) Quran ✅
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(c) Ijma
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(d) Qiyas
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'Ijma' means:
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(a) Judicial decision
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(b) Consensus of learned scholars ✅
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(c) Analogical reasoning
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(d) Precedent
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Which act abrogates customs contrary to Muslim Personal Law?
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(a) Dissolution of Muslim Marriage Act, 1939
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(b) Shariat Act, 1937 ✅
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(c) Child Marriage Restraint Act
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(d) Wakf Act, 1954
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‘Qiyas’ is:
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(a) Consensus of community
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(b) Analogical deduction ✅
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(c) Custom
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(d) Judicial precedent
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Sunna refers to:
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(a) Sayings and practices of the Prophet ✅
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(b) Judicial decisions
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(c) Consensus of scholars
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(d) Analogy reasoning
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The Shariat Act applies to:
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(a) Sunni only
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(b) Shia only
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(c) Both Sunni and Shia ✅
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(d) None
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'Fatawa Alamgiri' is associated with:
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(a) Modern legislation
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(b) Judicial precedent
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(c) Fatwas under Aurangzeb's reign ✅
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(d) Ijma decisions
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Custom is a source of law:
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(a) Primary source
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(b) Secondary source ✅
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(c) Not recognized at all
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(d) Judicial source
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Which source of law is not codified except for few enactments?
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(a) Hindu Law
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(b) Muslim Law ✅
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(c) Christian Law
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(d) Parsi Law
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The term “Fiqh” in Muslim Law means:
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(a) Intelligence ✅
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(b) Equity
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(c) Legislation
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(d) Precedent
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Marriage (Q11–25)
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Marriage (Nikah) in Muslim Law is:
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(a) Sacrament
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(b) Purely a civil contract ✅
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(c) Custom
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(d) Divine obligation
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The case Abdul Khadir Vs. Salima declared marriage as:
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(a) Sacrament
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(b) Civil Contract ✅
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(c) Divine contract
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(d) Quasi-contract
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A valid Muslim marriage requires:
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(a) Proposal, acceptance, and witnesses ✅
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(b) Solemnization in Mosque
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(c) Government registration
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(d) Written contract only
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Minimum age of puberty for a Muslim girl is:
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(a) 12 years
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(b) 15 years
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(c) 9 years ✅
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(d) 18 years
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Maximum number of wives a Muslim man can marry:
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(a) 1
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(b) 2
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(c) 3
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(d) 4 ✅
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Marriage within prohibited degrees of blood relations is:
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(a) Valid
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(b) Void ✅
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(c) Irregular
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(d) Permitted with consent
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Marriage during Iddat period is:
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(a) Valid
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(b) Void
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(c) Irregular ✅
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(d) Voidable
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Muta marriage is recognized under:
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(a) Sunni Law
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(b) Hanafi Law
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(c) Ithna Ashari Shia Law ✅
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(d) None
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Marriage without witnesses is:
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(a) Valid
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(b) Void
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(c) Irregular ✅
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(d) None
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Option of Puberty can be exercised by:
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(a) Minor married during minority ✅
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(b) Only boys
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(c) Only girls
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(d) None
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Dower (Mehar) (Q26–30)
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Dower is:
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(a) Essential in marriage ✅
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(b) Optional
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(c) Only customary
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(d) Not recognized by law
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Dower can be:
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(a) Prompt
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(b) Deferred
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(c) Both ✅
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(d) None
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Widow’s right of retention continues:
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(a) Till Dower is paid ✅
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(b) Lifetime
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(c) Only 3 years
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(d) No right exists
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The case Mina Bibi Vs. Chowdri Ahmad deals with:
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(a) Talaq
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(b) Dower retention ✅
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(c) Khula
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(d) Pre-emption
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Dower is considered as:
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(a) Gift
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(b) Debt ✅
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(c) Contractual benefit
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(d) Customary right
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Divorce (Q31–45)
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Talaq-ul-Biddat is:
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(a) Approved form
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(b) Disapproved but valid ✅
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(c) Judicial decree
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(d) No longer valid in law
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Khula is:
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(a) Divorce by husband
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(b) Mutual Divorce at wife’s request ✅
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(c) Judicial Divorce
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(d) None
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Mubaraa is:
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(a) Mutual divorce by consent ✅
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(b) Divorce by wife
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(c) Dissolution by court
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(d) None
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Lian is:
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(a) Judicial divorce by imprecation ✅
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(b) Mutual consent divorce
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(c) Delegated Talaq
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(d) Vow of abstinence
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Which case led to enactment of Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986?
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(a) Amjad Khan v. Ashraf Khan
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(b) Shah Bano Case ✅
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(c) Habibur Rahman Case
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(d) None
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Maintenance (Q46–50)
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Wife is entitled to maintenance:
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(a) Only if she is poor
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(b) Irrespective of her own means ✅
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(c) Only if husband has income
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(d) None
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Maintenance under CrPC S.125 after divorce is barred under:
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(a) Dissolution of Muslim Marriage Act, 1939
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(b) Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986 ✅
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(c) Shariat Act, 1937
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(d) Wakf Act
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Husband must maintain:
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(a) Sons till 18
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(b) Sons till puberty ✅
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(c) Daughters till 18
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(d) None
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Right to maintenance ceases for wife:
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(a) On divorce
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(b) After iddat period ✅
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(c) Lifetime
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(d) None
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Neglect to maintain for 2 years entitles wife for:
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(a) Maintenance decree
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(b) Dissolution of marriage ✅
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(c) Judicial separation
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(d) Khula
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Guardianship (Q51–55)
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Natural guardian in Muslim Law is:
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(a) Mother
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(b) Father ✅
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(c) Uncle
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(d) Grandfather
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De facto guardian has:
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(a) Full rights
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(b) No legal authority to alienate property ✅
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(c) Equal right as natural guardian
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(d) Preferential right over court guardian
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Minor’s custody up to:
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(a) 7 years (boys) ✅
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(b) 12 years (boys)
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(c) 5 years (girls)
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(d) None
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Guardian of property under Muslim Law is:
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(a) Executor ✅
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(b) Mother
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(c) Brother
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(d) De facto guardian
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Testamentary guardian is appointed by:
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(a) Father ✅
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(b) Mother
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(c) Court
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(d) Mutawalli
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Gifts (Hiba) & Wakf (Q56–70)
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Essentials of Hiba:
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(a) Declaration
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(b) Acceptance
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(c) Delivery of possession
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(d) All of the above ✅
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Hiba-bil-iwaz involves:
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(a) Consideration ✅
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(b) No consideration
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(c) Stipulation to return
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(d) None
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Hiba-bi-shart-ul-iwaz is:
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(a) Gift with stipulation of return ✅
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(b) Pure gift
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(c) Religious gift
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(d) None
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Mushaa means:
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(a) Gift of undivided share ✅
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(b) Death-bed gift
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(c) Conditional gift
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(d) None
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Wakf is:
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(a) Transferable gift
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(b) Irrevocable dedication ✅
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(c) Testamentary disposition
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(d) None
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Who is Mutawalli?
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(a) Owner
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(b) Manager of Wakf ✅
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(c) Trustee
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(d) Legal heir
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Family Wakf is called:
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(a) Wakf-ul-aulad ✅
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(b) Wakf al khair
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(c) Shufa
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(d) Hiba-bi-shart
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Death-bed gift is limited to:
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(a) Whole property
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(b) 1/2 of property
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(c) 1/3 of property ✅
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(d) No limit
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Case law on Life Estate through Hiba:
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(a) Govind Dayal case
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(b) Amjad Khan vs. Ashraf Khan ✅
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(c) Shah Bano case
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(d) None
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Pre-emption right is called:
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(a) Shufa ✅
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(b) Wakf
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(c) Hiba
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(d) Qiyas
Answer Key with Explanations
Q1–10: Sources of Muslim Law
(b) Quran
Explanation: Quran is the foremost and fundamental source of Muslim law.
(b) Consensus of learned scholars
Explanation: Ijma means consensus among jurists on a legal point.
(b) Shariat Act, 1937
Explanation: Shariat Act abrogated customs contrary to Islamic Law.
(b) Analogical deduction
Explanation: Qiyas involves reasoning by analogy when Quran and Hadith are silent.
(a) Sayings and practices of the Prophet
Explanation: Sunna completes and explains the Quran.
(c) Both Sunni and Shia
Explanation: Shariat Act applies uniformly across both sects.
(c) Fatwas under Aurangzeb's reign
Explanation: Fatawa Alamgiri was compiled during Aurangzeb's time.
(b) Secondary source
Explanation: Custom is a recognized secondary source if not opposed to Shariat.
(b) Muslim Law
Explanation: Unlike Hindu law, Muslim law is largely uncodified except few statutes.
(a) Intelligence
Explanation: Fiqh means understanding or intelligence, referring to Islamic jurisprudence.
Q11–25: Marriage (Nikah)
(b) Purely a civil contract
Explanation: Marriage is treated as a civil contract, not sacrament.
(b) Civil Contract
Explanation: Abdul Khadir vs. Salima case clarified Nikah as a contract.
(a) Proposal, acceptance, and witnesses
Explanation: Essential formalities under Muslim Law.
(c) 9 years
Explanation: Minimum puberty age for girls is 9 under Muslim Law.
(d) 4
Explanation: A Muslim man can marry up to 4 wives.
(b) Void
Explanation: Marriage with prohibited blood relations is void.
(c) Irregular
Explanation: Marriage during iddat is irregular (Fasid).
(c) Ithna Ashari Shia Law
Explanation: Muta marriage is valid among Ithna Ashari Shias.
(c) Irregular
Explanation: Marriage without witnesses is irregular.
(a) Minor married during minority
Explanation: Option of puberty allows repudiation on attaining majority.
Q26–30: Dower (Mehar)
(a) Essential in marriage
Explanation: Dower is integral and mandatory in Nikah.
(c) Both
Explanation: Can be prompt or deferred.
(a) Till Dower is paid
Explanation: Widow’s right to retain husband's property till mehar is paid.
(b) Dower retention
Explanation: Mina Bibi vs. Chowdri Ahmad case established right of retention.
(b) Debt
Explanation: Dower is treated as unsecured debt recoverable by wife or heirs.
Q31–35: Divorce (Talaq)
(b) Disapproved but valid
Explanation: Talaq-ul-Biddat (triple talaq) is sinful but valid in Hanafi law.
(b) Mutual Divorce at wife’s request
Explanation: Khula is initiated by wife with husband’s consent.
(a) Mutual divorce by consent
Explanation: Mubaraa is dissolution by mutual aversion.
(a) Judicial divorce by imprecation
Explanation: Lian involves mutual imprecation leading to judicial dissolution.
(b) Shah Bano Case
Explanation: Shah Bano case led to enactment of 1986 Act.
Q36–40: Maintenance
(b) Irrespective of her own means
Explanation: A wife is entitled to maintenance regardless of her financial status.
(b) Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986
Explanation: The Act restricted CrPC 125 remedies post-divorce.
(b) Sons till puberty
Explanation: Sons are to be maintained till puberty.
(b) After iddat period
Explanation: Maintenance ceases after iddat expires.
(b) Dissolution of marriage
Explanation: Non-maintenance for 2 years is a ground for judicial divorce.
Q41–50: Guardianship, Gifts & Wakf
(b) Father
Explanation: Father is the natural guardian of minor.
(b) No legal authority to alienate property
Explanation: De facto guardian has no power to sell.
(a) 7 years (boys)
Explanation: Mother’s custody up to age 7 for male child.
(a) Executor
Explanation: Executor becomes guardian of property after father's death.
(a) Father
Explanation: Testamentary guardian is appointed by father.
(d) All of the above
Explanation: Declaration, acceptance, and possession are must for a valid gift.
(a) Consideration
Explanation: Hiba-bil-iwaz is gift with consideration (return gift).
(a) Gift with stipulation of return
Explanation: Hiba-bi-shart-ul-iwaz involves stipulation at the time of gift.
(a) Gift of undivided share
Explanation: Mushaa refers to undivided property.
(b) Irrevocable dedication
Explanation: Wakf is a permanent dedication to God.
(b) Manager of Wakf
Explanation: Mutawalli administers Wakf property.
(a) Wakf-ul-aulad
Explanation: Family Wakf is termed Wakf-ul-aulad.
(c) 1/3 of property
Explanation: Marzul Maut gift is limited to 1/3rd of estate.
(b) Amjad Khan vs. Ashraf Khan
Explanation: Case on life estate through Hiba.
(a) Shufa
Explanation: Pre-emption right is called Shufa.
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