100 Most Important MCQs on Mohammedan Law (Muslim Law) Part2

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Acknowledgement of Paternity (Iqrar) (Q51–55)

51. Acknowledgement of paternity in Muslim Law is:

• (a) Legitimation

• (b) Declaration of legitimacy ✅

• (c) Subsequent legitimation

• (d) Declaration of marriage

52. Essential condition for valid Iqrar is:

• (a) Child must be illegitimate

• (b) Child’s paternity must be unknown ✅

• (c) Child’s mother must be unmarried

• (d) It is revocable

53. Acknowledgement of Paternity cannot be:

• (a) Implied

• (b) Revoked ✅

• (c) Oral

• (d) Used in evidence

54. In Sadiq Hussain Vs. Hashim Ali, Privy Council held:

• (a) Illegitimate child can be legitimized

• (b) Acknowledgement is substantive evidence of legitimacy ✅

• (c) Acknowledgement can be revoked

• (d) None of the above

55. Acknowledgement is valid when:

• (a) Marriage between parents is impossible

• (b) Paternity is uncertain and not rebutted ✅

• (c) Child is known to be illegitimate

• (d) Child is from illicit intercourse

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Wills (Wasiyyat) (Q56–60)

56. Bequeathable third rule under Muslim Law means:

• (a) Testator can dispose entire estate

• (b) Only up to one-third of net estate ✅

• (c) There’s no limit

• (d) Only to male heirs

57. A Muslim can make a valid will if:

• (a) He is 21 years old

• (b) He is 18 years old and of sound mind ✅

• (c) Married and literate

• (d) Only male persons

58. The Hedaya is:

• (a) A statutory enactment

• (b) A renowned commentary on Muslim law ✅

• (c) Roman law text

• (d) Supreme Court judgment

59. Under the Special Marriage Act, 1954:

• (a) Bequeathable third rule does not apply ✅

• (b) It applies to Muslims only

• (c) Will registration is compulsory

• (d) Will is invalid without witnesses

60. If a Muslim bequeaths more than 1/3rd to a stranger:

• (a) It is void absolutely

• (b) It is void unless heirs consent ✅

• (c) Valid if declared orally

• (d) Not restricted at all

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Inheritance (Faraid) (Q61–75)

61. The principal source of Muslim Inheritance Law is:

• (a) Fatawa Alamgiri

• (b) Quran ✅

• (c) Hadith

• (d) Judicial precedents

62. Class I heirs include:

• (a) Father, Mother, Spouse ✅

• (b) Cousins

• (c) Collateral relatives

• (d) Neighbours

63. Under Muslim Law, the widow is entitled to:

• (a) 1/3rd share

• (b) 1/4th if no children ✅

• (c) 1/2 share

• (d) Entire property

64. Doctrine of Representation in Inheritance:

• (a) Fully recognized

• (b) Recognized only in Shia Law

• (c) Not recognized in Muslim Law ✅

• (d) Recognized in Sunni Law only

65. Under Sunni Law, Female gets:

• (a) Equal share as male

• (b) Half of male share ✅

• (c) No share

• (d) Double share

66. The principle of ‘Awl’ refers to:

• (a) Increase of shares

• (b) Reduction of shares when sum exceeds unity ✅

• (c) Division among heirs equally

• (d) Return of shares to Koranic heirs

67. The principle of 'Radd' is applied when:

• (a) Shares exceed unity

• (b) Shares are less than unity and no residuaries ✅

• (c) Shares are equal to unity

• (d) Among female heirs only

68. The "Sirajiyyah" is:

• (a) Roman law

• (b) Leading Sunni Inheritance text ✅

• (c) Indian Legislation

• (d) Fiqh of Shia Law

69. Nasab heirs are related through:

• (a) Marriage

• (b) Blood relation ✅

• (c) Gift

• (d) Wakf property

70. Uterine heirs are:

• (a) Koranic heirs

• (b) Distant kindred ✅

• (c) Agnatic heirs

• (d) Contractual heirs

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Pre-emption (Shufa) (Q76–85)

71. Pre-emption is a right of:

• (a) Vendor

• (b) Co-sharer, participator in amenities, neighbor ✅

• (c) Purchaser only

• (d) Government

72. Talab-i-Muwasibat means:

• (a) Legal demand

• (b) Immediate demand upon knowledge of sale ✅

• (c) Demand in court

• (d) Public announcement

73. Talab-i-Ishhad requires:

• (a) Registration of sale

• (b) Demand before witnesses ✅

• (c) Demand before court

• (d) Payment of consideration

74. The third formality in Pre-emption is:

• (a) Talab-i-Tamlik ✅

• (b) Talab-i-Shariat

• (c) Talab-i-Khula

• (d) None of these

75. Pre-emption right is lost by:

• (a) Delay in demand

• (b) Acquiescence

• (c) Waiver

• (d) All of the above ✅

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Miscellaneous Topics (Q86–100)

76. Apostacy by husband results in:

• (a) Dissolution of marriage ✅

• (b) No effect

• (c) Marriage voidable

• (d) Judicial separation

77. Apostacy by wife results in:

• (a) Automatic dissolution

• (b) No dissolution per Dissolution Act, 1939 ✅

• (c) Judicial separation

• (d) Nullity of marriage

78. Conversion to Islam by non-Muslim husband:

• (a) Dissolves his marriage

• (b) Does not dissolve his marriage ✅

• (c) Only dissolves if wife consents

• (d) Automatically dissolves marriage

79. “Fatwa Alamgiri” was compiled under:

• (a) Akbar

• (b) Aurangzeb ✅

• (c) Babur

• (d) Shah Jahan

80. “Hedaya” is a commentary on:

• (a) Fiqh-us-Sunnah

• (b) Bidaya ✅

• (c) Sunan Abu Dawud

• (d) Quran directly

81. Mutawalli is:

• (a) Owner of Wakf

• (b) Manager of Wakf ✅

• (c) Trustee of Estate

• (d) None of these

82. Life estate is valid in Muslim Law as:

• (a) Ownership transfer

• (b) Usufruct transfer ✅

• (c) Hiba with return condition

• (d) Irregular transaction

83. Mushaa means:

• (a) Revocable gift

• (b) Gift of undivided share ✅

• (c) Gift with stipulation

• (d) Wakf property gift

84. Apostacy was considered treason but now:

• (a) Is punishable by imprisonment

• (b) No longer punishable ✅

• (c) Punished by death

• (d) Leads to forfeiture of property

85. Sajjadanashin is associated with:

• (a) Pre-emption

• (b) Wakf ✅

• (c) Dower

• (d) Maintenance

86. Shariat Act, 1937 abrogates:

• (a) Customary Law ✅

• (b) Hindu Law

• (c) Christian Law

• (d) English Law

87. Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act, 1939 was passed because:

• (a) Customary law was prevalent

• (b) No provision for wife to sue for divorce ✅

• (c) Muslim men were prohibited from divorce

• (d) Wives had absolute right of divorce

88. Hiba-bi-shart-ul-iwaz means:

• (a) Gift with immediate return ✅

• (b) Gift of undivided share

• (c) Religious gift

• (d) Deferred dower

89. Areeat refers to:

• (a) Conditional gift

• (b) Usufructuary gift ✅

• (c) Dower gift

• (d) Death-bed gift

90. Sadaqah is:

• (a) Religious charitable gift ✅

• (b) Dower

• (c) Bequest

• (d) Dowry

91. Leading case on Pre-emption in India:

• (a) Govind Dayal’s case ✅

• (b) Shah Bano case

• (c) Habibur Rahman case

• (d) Khambatta case

92. Koranic heirs are also called:

• (a) Residuaries

• (b) Sharers ✅

• (c) Uterine heirs

• (d) Cognates

93. Which heir takes in absence of all others?

• (a) Neighbours

• (b) Escheat to State ✅

• (c) Sister’s son

• (d) Imam of Mosque

94. Lex domicili principle applied in:

• (a) Shah Bano case

• (b) Khambatta Vs. Khambatta ✅

• (c) Amjad Khan Vs. Ashraf Khan

• (d) Govind Dayal’s case

95. A gift without delivery of possession is:

• (a) Valid

• (b) Invalid ✅

• (c) Revocable

• (d) Irregular

96. Under Muslim law, succession opens on:

• (a) Birth of heir

• (b) Death of propositus ✅

• (c) Execution of will

• (d) Marriage of heirs

97. Zihar is a form of:

• (a) Dower

• (b) Talaq ✅

• (c) Pre-emption

• (d) Wakf

98. “Ijma” is:

• (a) Analogical deduction

• (b) Consensus of jurists ✅

• (c) Personal reasoning

• (d) Fatwa

99. “Qiyas” is:

• (a) Judicial precedent

• (b) Reasoning by analogy ✅

• (c) Statutory law

• (d) Ijma-based ruling

100. Fatawa Alamgiri is a:

• (a) Legislation

• (b) Collection of judicial precedents

• (c) Compilation of Muslim legal opinions ✅

• (d) Translation of Hedaya

Answer Key With Explanation

Q51–70: Acknowledgement, Inheritance

51. (b) Declaration of legitimacy – Not creation but recognition of status.

52. (b) Paternity must be unknown – Only then Iqrar is valid.

53. (b) Revoked – Cannot be revoked once acknowledged.

54. (b) Substantive evidence – Sadiq Hussain case supports legitimacy via acknowledgment.

55. (b) Paternity is uncertain and not rebutted – All pre-conditions must be met.

56. (b) One-third of net estate – Will limited to 1/3 unless heirs consent.

57. (b) 18 years old and sound mind – Legal capacity to make a will.

58. (b) Renowned commentary – Hedaya is classical text of Hanafi law.

59. (a) Bequeathable third rule does not apply – Special Marriage Act bypasses personal law limits.

60. (b) Void unless heirs consent – Testator cannot exceed 1/3 without permission.

61. (b) Quran – Primary source for inheritance shares.

62. (a) Father, Mother, Spouse – Residuaries and sharers.

63. (b) 1/4th if no children – Widow gets 1/8th if children, 1/4th if not.

64. (c) Not recognized – Muslim law rejects representation.

65. (b) Half of male share – Female heirs get half compared to male counterparts.

66. (b) Reduction of shares when sum exceeds unity – ‘Awl’ balances over-allocation.

67. (b) Less than unity and no residuaries – Radd returns surplus to sharers.

68. (b) Sunni Inheritance text – Sirajiyyah key to Sunni inheritance law.

69. (b) Blood relation – Nasab heirs.

70. (b) Distant kindred – Uterine heirs from maternal lineage.

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Q71–100: Pre-emption, Miscellaneous

71. (b) Co-sharer...neighbor – Eligible preemptors.

72. (b) Immediate demand upon knowledge – Talab-i-Muwasibat is first step.

73. (b) Demand before witnesses – Talab-i-Ishhad must be timely and witnessed.

74. (a) Talab-i-Tamlik – Legal action to enforce right.

75. (d) All of the above – Delay or waiver destroys the right.

76. (a) Dissolution of marriage – Apostacy of husband = marriage ends.

77. (b) No dissolution per Dissolution Act – Wife’s conversion doesn’t end marriage.

78. (b) Does not dissolve his marriage – No automatic dissolution on conversion.

79. (b) Aurangzeb – Codified Fatawa for uniform legal reference.

80. (b) Bidaya – Hedaya derived from Bidaya; Hanafi law text.

81. (b) Manager of Wakf – Mutawalli is caretaker, not owner.

82. (b) Usufruct transfer – Life estate involves right to use.

83. (b) Gift of undivided share – Mushaa is complex but valid in certain cases.

84. (b) No longer punishable – Apostacy is not a crime in India.

85. (b) Wakf – Sajjadanashin is hereditary caretaker.

86. (a) Customary Law – Shariat Act abolished customs.

87. (b) No provision for wife to sue – Act empowered Muslim wives.

88. (a) Gift with immediate return – Hiba with stipulated exchange.

89. (b) Usufructuary gift – Areeat = right to use, not ownership.

90. (a) Religious charitable gift – Sadaqah for spiritual merit.

91. (a) Govind Dayal’s case – Landmark on pre-emption.

92. (b) Sharers – Quranic heirs get fixed shares.

93. (b) Escheat to State – No heir = property to State.

94. (b) Khambatta Vs. Khambatta – Domicile rule applied.

95. (b) Invalid – Possession crucial for gift validity.

96. (b) Death of propositus – Succession opens upon death.

97. (b) Talaq – Zihar is metaphorical divorce.

98. (b) Consensus of jurists – Ijma = unanimous legal opinion.

99. (b) Reasoning by analogy – Qiyas fills gaps via logic.

100. (c) Compilation of legal opinions – Fatawa = juristic rulings.