The legal distinctions between Review, Appeal, and Revision
The legal distinctions between Review, Appeal, and Revision
ЁЯУК Review vs. Appeal vs. Revision – Comparative Chart
| Parameter | Review | Appeal | Revision |
|---|---|---|---|
| Governing Provision | Order XLVII CPC | Section 96 CPC (First Appeal), Section 100 (Second Appeal) | Section 115 CPC |
| Scope | Correction of errors apparent on the face of the record | Re-hearing on facts and law | Correction of jurisdictional errors only |
| Filed Before | Same Court which passed the decree/order | Appellate Court (higher forum) | High Court only |
| Maintainability | Allowed in limited grounds (error apparent, fraud, etc.) | Against appealable decrees or final orders | Only if no appeal lies, and jurisdiction is at issue |
| Appeal Against Rejection | ❌ Not appealable (Order XLVII Rule 7 CPC) | ✅ Maintainable | ✅ May lie in certain situations if no alternative remedy exists |
| Effect on Original Decree | If rejected – no change; if allowed – decree can be modified | Decree may be affirmed, reversed, or modified | Cannot modify decree; only correct procedural/jurisdictional illegality |
| Example Use Case | Clerical error, wrong date, legal oversight | Wrong appreciation of evidence or law | Court exercised power it didn’t have, or failed to exercise it |
| Illustration from Case | Plaintiff filed review after partial success | Supreme Court said she should’ve appealed trial court decree | High Court wrongly modified trial court decree in revision |
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