10 most important illustration-based MCQs from the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023

10 more important illustration-based MCQs from the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, covering areas such as electronic evidence, estoppel, documentary proof, and examination of witnesses — ideal for Judicial Services Exam revision.

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⚖️ Illustration-Based MCQs (Part 2: Questions 21–30)

💻 Section 39 – Expert Opinion (including electronic evidence)

21. A document’s authorship is in question. A comparison is made with another known document of A. This is:
    A. Inadmissible
    B. Relevant opinion of layperson
    C. Expert opinion admissible under Section 39
    D. Only relevant if both parties agree
    ✅ Answer: C

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🧑‍💼 Section 45 – Grounds of Opinion

22. An expert gives opinion on a cause of death and narrates experiments conducted. This is:
    A. Hearsay
    B. Irrelevant unless certified
    C. Relevant as grounds of expert opinion
    D. Inadmissible unless peer-reviewed
    ✅ Answer: C

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🖋️ Section 66 – Proof of Electronic Signature

23. Certifying Authority's opinion about electronic signature is:
    A. Irrelevant unless given in writing
    B. Only relevant in civil cases
    C. Relevant under Section 66(2)
    D. Not admissible unless supported by expert
    ✅ Answer: C

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🏛️ Section 74 – Public and Private Documents

24. A birth certificate issued by Municipal Corporation is:
    A. Private document
    B. Not admissible
    C. Public document
    D. Secondary evidence
    ✅ Answer: C

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📄 Section 78 – Presumption of Genuineness

25. A certified copy of a registered sale deed, 30 years old and from proper custody, is presumed genuine. This is based on:
    A. Section 75
    B. Section 92
    C. Section 78
    D. Section 84
    ✅ Answer: C

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🧠 Section 121 – Estoppel

26. A tenant cannot deny the landlord’s title during tenancy due to:
    A. Presumption of law
    B. Estoppel under Section 122
    C. Admission
    D. Absence of contract
    ✅ Answer: B

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📢 Section 140 – Order of Witness Examination

27. Witnesses in a civil trial are to be examined in which order?
    A. Cross → Re-exam → Chief
    B. Chief → Cross → Re-exam
    C. Judge Decides Order
    D. As per counsel’s choice
    ✅ Answer: B

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🧾 Section 159 – Corroboration by Former Statements

28. A witness may be corroborated by:
    A. Hearsay evidence
    B. Expert testimony
    C. His prior consistent statements
    D. Prior inconsistent statements
    ✅ Answer: C

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📒 Section 162 – Refreshing Memory

29. A witness may refer to a document to refresh memory:
    A. Only if made by another person
    B. If made contemporaneously or adopted
    C. Only if filed in court
    D. If certified by a Magistrate
    ✅ Answer: B

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👩‍⚖️ Section 168 – Judge’s Power to Question

30. A judge may question a witness directly to:
    A. Intimidate
    B. Test memory
    C. Clarify doubts
    D. Cross-examine
    ✅ Answer: C