50 MCQs from Chapter I with answers and brief explanations,

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 50 MCQs from Chapter I with answers and brief explanations.

Let’s begin:

Chapter I – Preliminary (Sections 1 to 3)

MCQs 1–50

  1. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 came into force on which date (except certain provisions)? a) 1st January 2024
    b) 26th January 2024
    c) 1st July 2024
    d) 25th December 2023
    Answer: c) 1st July 2024
    Explanation: As per the official notification, most provisions commenced on 1st July 2024.

  2. Under BNS, 2023, the term "offence" includes acts: a) Only committed within India
    b) Only committed by citizens
    c) Committed outside India under certain conditions
    d) Committed by foreigners only
    Answer: c) Committed outside India under certain conditions
    Explanation: Section 1(5) includes certain acts committed outside India.

  3. Who is covered under the application of BNS, 2023 for offences committed outside India?
    a) Indian citizens only
    b) Any person aboard Indian registered aircraft
    c) Any person targeting Indian computer resources
    d) All of the above
    Answer: d) All of the above
    Explanation: Section 1(5)(a)-(c) includes these categories.

  4. Under BNS, “act” includes: a) Only a single act
    b) Only a series of acts
    c) Both a single act and series of acts
    d) Only acts done in India
    Answer: c) Both a single act and series of acts
    Explanation: Defined in Section 2(1).

  5. The term “child” under BNS means: a) Below 12 years
    b) Below 18 years
    c) Below 21 years
    d) Below 16 years
    Answer: b) Below 18 years
    Explanation: Defined in Section 2(3).

  6. “Document” under BNS includes: a) Only physical written material
    b) Only electronic records
    c) Only maps and plans
    d) All of the above
    Answer: d) All of the above
    Explanation: Section 2(8) gives an inclusive definition.

  7. What does “dishonestly” mean under Section 2(7)?
    a) Unintentionally causing loss
    b) With the intention of defrauding
    c) With intent of wrongful gain/loss
    d) Legally causing harm
    Answer: c) With intent of wrongful gain/loss

  8. “Good faith” under BNS means: a) Belief without due care
    b) Done with due care and attention
    c) Mere honesty
    d) Mistake of law
    Answer: b) Done with due care and attention
    Explanation: Defined in Section 2(11).

  9. “Public servant” includes: a) Elected members only
    b) Only Judges
    c) Officers holding public duties
    d) Citizens of India
    Answer: c) Officers holding public duties
    Explanation: Covered comprehensively in Section 2(28).

  10. “Will” means: a) Any personal letter
    b) Testamentary document
    c) Legal notice
    d) Verbal instructions
    Answer: b) Testamentary document
    Explanation: Defined under Section 2(34).


  1. Under Section 2(9), “fraudulently” means: a) Without intention to cheat
    b) Doing anything to defraud
    c) Gaining under legal title
    d) Causing hurt
    Answer: b) Doing anything to defraud

  2. “Injury” includes harm to: a) Body
    b) Mind
    c) Reputation and property
    d) All of the above
    Answer: d) All of the above
    Explanation: See Section 2(14).

  3. “Illegal” under BNS includes: a) Everything causing civil harm only
    b) Acts prohibited by law or furnishing civil liability
    c) Only penal offences
    d) Offences committed abroad
    Answer: b) Acts prohibited by law or furnishing civil liability

  4. Which of the following is not included in “movable property”?
    a) Land
    b) Watch
    c) Car
    d) Gold
    Answer: a) Land
    Explanation: See Section 2(21).

  5. “Oath” includes: a) Solemn affirmation
    b) Court declarations
    c) Public servant declarations
    d) All of the above
    Answer: d) All of the above

  6. Who is a “person” under BNS?
    a) Only natural persons
    b) Only incorporated companies
    c) Companies and individuals
    d) Only government officials
    Answer: c) Companies and individuals
    Explanation: Defined under Section 2(26).

  7. A “public” includes: a) The whole population
    b) Only legal entities
    c) Any community or class
    d) Only government servants
    Answer: c) Any community or class

  8. “Valuable security” is: a) Government bond only
    b) Document creating or extinguishing a legal right
    c) Verbal agreement
    d) Oral contract
    Answer: b) Document creating or extinguishing a legal right
    Explanation: See Section 2(31).

  9. “Voluntarily” means: a) By accident
    b) Without knowledge
    c) Intending or knowing consequences
    d) None of the above
    Answer: c) Intending or knowing consequences

  10. Under Section 3, general exceptions: a) Must be repeated in every section
    b) Apply automatically unless excluded
    c) Don’t apply to definitions
    d) Are optional
    Answer: b) Apply automatically unless excluded

MCQs 21–50 (More conceptual & scenario-based):

  1. If a police officer arrests a person under a mistaken identity, believing him to be someone else under a warrant, he is: a) Guilty of wrongful confinement
    b) Protected under general exception
    c) Liable for defamation
    d) Guilty of assault
    Answer: b) Protected under general exception
    Illustration under Section 3.

  2. “Common intention” doctrine means: a) Only leader of group is liable
    b) Only direct actor is liable
    c) Every person with shared intent is liable
    d) No one is liable jointly
    Answer: c) Every person with shared intent is liable

  3. “Possession” under Section 3 includes: a) Only physical control
    b) Only legal ownership
    c) Possession by clerk/servant on behalf of another
    d) None of the above
    Answer: c) Possession by clerk/servant on behalf of another

  4. In BNS, causing an effect partly by act and partly by omission is: a) Not punishable
    b) A separate offence
    c) Considered the same offence
    d) A civil wrong
    Answer: c) Considered the same offence

  5. A and B both poison Z over time; Z dies. Their liability is: a) Both guilty separately
    b) Only one guilty
    c) Not guilty due to shared blame
    d) Both guilty of murder
    Answer: d) Both guilty of murder

  6. The term "reason to believe" implies: a) Mere suspicion
    b) Possibility
    c) Sufficient cause for belief
    d) Absolute certainty
    Answer: c) Sufficient cause for belief

  7. BNS defines “counterfeit” as: a) Exact imitation
    b) Mere resemblance intended to deceive
    c) Government production
    d) Legal reproduction
    Answer: b) Mere resemblance intended to deceive

  8. Who can be tried under BNS for acts done abroad? a) Foreign diplomats
    b) Citizens of India
    c) Only residents
    d) Tourists
    Answer: b) Citizens of India
    Explanation: Section 1(5)(a).

  9. If someone aboard an Indian aircraft commits a crime, BNS: a) Doesn’t apply
    b) Applies only to citizens
    c) Applies to any person
    d) Needs special permission
    Answer: c) Applies to any person
    Explanation: Section 1(5)(b).

  10. A commits an offence targeting an Indian server from abroad. He is: a) Outside BNS jurisdiction
    b) Liable under BNS
    c) Liable under cyber law only
    d) Tried only in the foreign country
    Answer: b) Liable under BNS

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